Pre Historic Periods

Features

1. No Literary Record - man didn’t know the Art of Writing, Neither did he Speak (Vocal Cord Intact of these MAN)

2. No Historical Proof : Only Archeological Evidences support this period -ARTEFACTS EXAMPLES & ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCES are Same

   1. Bones
   2. Tools
   3. Metals
   4. Pottery
   5. Fossil Remains
   6. Stones
   7. Rings of Trees

   Generally Dated by Carbon Dating Methods - To Understand Age of these things

Examples of this Period - Almost All things in Primitive Form

• The Palaeolithic Age - Great Ice Age
  • Background
    1. Paleo Means - Old & Lithic Means - Stone && Old Stone Age Man - Palaeolithic Man
    2. Features
       1. Hunter, Nomad, Naked
       2. Food Gatherer - Shrubs and Herbs
       3. used Big Stone Tool for hunting
          1. Tools & Man Dated - Age, Gender, Method of Death, Age of Tools

    Geography Supports History - Various Ages

  • Bodily Features
    1. Brain Level Small - Like a Small 6 Month Baby
    2. Body covered with Hair
    3. Used to eat Raw Meat by Hunting
  • Towards the Later he found Fire Accidentally - By Rubbing 2 Stones
    1. Use of Fire
       1. Protection
       2. Flesh on Fire - Cooked
  • He had a Vegetal and Non Vegetal Diet
  • Reproduction
    1. Would tend to Reproduce as well
    2. Sex Ratio of this Period : women were more in count → Hence Population was procreating Fast
    3. If women count more → Hence Automatic Polygamy !
• The Mesolithic Age - Miocene Age

  1. Meso - Middle ; Lithic - Stone && Middle Stone Age Period

  2. Features

     1. Hunter, Naked, Food Gatherer, Used Fire

     New Additions

     1. Used Small Stone Tools Called as Microliths
        1. Sharp Edges
        2. Flaky
     2. Lived in - Rock Shelters and Caves (Because in Miocene Rainfall came)
     3. Painting
        1. He created & carved concepts of Painting in the walls of the caves
        2. Theme - Nature and Day to Day Activities ( Like Hunting)
        3. First man in India to Paint was Mesolithic Man
        4. Red Colour was used from Palash Flowers ; Simple Scribbling
• The Neolithic Age -

  1. Neo - New Lithic - Stone && Neolithic Man

  2. Features

     1. Hunter, Naked, Food Gatherer, Used Big & Small Stone Tools, Fire Continued, Paintings Continued

     New Addition

     1. He became a Food Producer i.e he practised Agriculture
        1. First Crop Cultivated was - Barley (जौ)
        2. Agriculture (Plant Cultivation Started) came with Cattle Rearing (Dog) and Domestication of Animals
     2. Semi Nomadic & started settling (near rivers)
     3. Sharpened his tools and made it Polished
     4. First to Engage himself & organise Gatherings - Concept of Families and Communities Entered
• The Chalco lithic Age -
  1. Chalco - Copper & Lithic - Stone && Copper Stone Age Period
  2. Features
     1. Hunter, Semi Nomad
     2. Food Gatherer / Producer
     3. Practise Agriculture (Rice, Wheat, Barley) + Cattle Rearing (Dog)
     4. Fire Continued (extensive usage and wide reach)
     5. Used Big & Small and Polished Stone Tools
     6. Paintings - Continued
  3. New Elements Found Here

     1. used Copper & Stone Tool

        Copper

        1. Khetri Mines of Rajasthan
        2. From Ground when it came out

     2. Began to Build Mud and Stone Huts. Hence a Rural Life

     3. First Man to Produce Cotton was Chalco Lithic Man

     4. Pottery

        1. Fist Man to Manufacture Potteries - Handmade & Teracota (Fired/Earthed Clay)
        2. Signifies Art of Storage

     5. Covered his Body - Animal Skin & Leaves

  4. Advanced Stage of Pre History
  5. By 2750 BC, the Chalcolithic Man of North Western Part of India began to shift his base to Eastern India (Bengal, Bihar = Magadha)
  6. Division of Chalcolithic Man
     1. North Western Chalcolithic Man in Norther Indian Sub Continent
     2. Eastern Chalcolithic Man in Northern Indian Sub Continent