8 Resources & Energy****

• What to Study

  • Energy Resource

    • What is Energy
    • Meta
      • Challenges and Examples in Solar Energy

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    • Conservation of Energy
    • Energy Crisis

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    • Renewable Sources of Energy - Good Environment Practise (4)

      • 1 Solar Energy

        Not Reliable in on Photo Voltaic Cells

        High Transparency is needed

      • 2 Tidal Energy

      • 3 Wind Energy

      • 4 Geo Thermal Energy

    • Non Renewable Sources of Energy - From Fossils & Pollution Causing (4)

      • 1 Coal

        Justice Chandrachud - Coal is King of Fossil

        NITI Aayog > 50% Energy is India

      • 2 Petroleum

      • 3 Natural Gas

      • 4 Shale Gas

  • Mineral Resource

    • Metallic Minerals
      • Iron
    • Non Metallic Minerals
      • Lime Stone & Gypsum

  • Water Resource

    • Status of Water in India
      • Water Scarcity
      • Water Availability
      • Water Stress
      • Water Wars
    • Why Conservation of Water is Important

• Rock System in India

  Read After Revising Rock System of Phy Geography

  

• Decentralisation of the Coal and Iron industry in Chinas Wuhan

  Ipswitch - Goal

  

• Types of Resources

  1. Renewable

  2. Non-Renewable (Energy)

     Fossils - Coal, Petroleum, Natural gas, Shale Gas

     The Formation, Distribution, and Challenges

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  1. Metallic - Iron
  2. Non Metallic - Limestone, Coal, Gypsum

• What is a Feedstock

  Feedstock is the Raw Material to Supply or Fuel a machine or Industrial Process

  Example :

  1. NEPTA Obtained from Crude Oil is used in Manufacturing of Fertilisers and Gasolines
  2. Corns and Paddies used to produce Ethanol
  3. Soyabean Oil and Corn used for Production of Bio Diesel
  4. Sweet Gas of CH4, NH3 used for Manufacturing of Urea

• Mains PYQP - Why Shale is not a Priority for US

  

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Interlink with Industrial Agglomeration, Backward & Forward Linkages & Interdependence of Industries on Each Other

• Shale Gas

  • Introduction to Shale Gas

    

    

  • Formation of Shale Gas

    

    

    Resource - Ho Sakte Hain

  • Extraction of Shale Gas

    

  • Advantages of Shale Gas

    

  • Limitations and Drawbacks

    1. Leakage Detection and Laying Down of Pipeline is very difficult and costly

    2. No Fixed Price Mechanism due to Not so Global Trade

       

  • Shale Gas Reserves in India - Distribution

    

    

  • Shales Gas Technology in India

    

  • Problems with Shale Gas in India

    The Land is a State Subject

    

    

    

    Pipel Line Network Developed from 1940’s

    

    

    

    Fracturing means Breaking for Frackling

  • Solutions to Indian Challenges of Shale Gas

    

  • Alternative to Shale Gas

    

• Natural Gas

  • Introduction

    

  • Types

    

  • Trade in Unit of

    

  • Formation

    

  • Uses

    

  • Importance in India

    

    External Shock - Imports

  • NG in World

    

  • NG in Russia (Russia-Ukraine War)

    

    River Ob Forms - Esturarine Delta

    Caspian Sea with River Volga makes Arcuade Delta

    

  • NG in Europe & North America

    

    Albert - NearCalgaryy - Turner Valley

    The Eastern Coast of North America has a very broad continental shelf

    

  • NG in Africa, Middle East & Asia

    

  • Distribution of NG in India

    

  • OPEC Organisation - Oil Petroleum Exporting Countries

    

    Venezuela - Lake Mariciago around Caspian

    Point 5 - Oil Prices Fell, USA Discovered SHale Gas, USA Petrol Demand Decreased, Hence, Crude Oil Rate Reduced

    Russia has Hard Rock, Hence Drilling is Tough. USA Didnt Allow OPEC Meeting, Individual Sell and Reduced Cost

  • Knowledge of Ocean Part of Relief is Important

• NG, ONGC, GAIL, Reliance KG

  Generally, Fertiliser Industries are found Near Gas Industries

  • Natural Gas Refining

    

    

    Bypass Pakistan from Chabahar Port, Iran → Underwater Ocean

  • ONGC - Oil and Natural gas Transporation, Hazeera Gujarat

    Leading to Agglomeration of Industries - Multiplier Effect of Industry

    

    

  • GAIL - Gas Authority of India Limited

    

    

  • Reliance KG Basin

    

    

• Petroleum & Mineral Oil in India

  • Intro and Constituents

    

  • Formation of Petro and Mineral Oil

    

    

    

  • Distribution

    

    2

  • Oil Bearing Strata Extent in India - Distribution of Mineral Oil

    • Introduction

      

      

    • Onshore

      

      

      

      Ports are of no use if there is no connectivity to the hinterland (inner land)

    • Offshore

      

      Western Coast

      

      

      Eastern Coast - Rawa Field Important - Oil to Kakinada, Refined in Gadimogha

  • Petroleum Refinery

    

  • Advantages of Pipeline

    

  • Types of Pipeline

    

    Bihar Refinery → Gets Oil from Digboi Assam

    

• Fertiliser Industry & Manufacturing

  Requirements for Nitrogen 👇👇👇

  

  Requirements for Phosphate & Potash 👇👇👇

  

  Guan Sea-Bird - Peruvian Current, Cold Current!

  

• Coal Industry & Energy

  • Introduction

    Coal will become Extinct in Near Future as 50% of Energy is made from Thermal Power Plant - Report by NITI Aayog

    

  • Different Types of Coal

    

    

    Tertiary - Assam and Kashmir

  • Distribution in India & Facts

    

  • Important Coal Mines

    

  • States by Reserves of Coal

    

  • States by Production

    Check from Eco Survey

    

  • Facts and Reports by NITI Aayog

    

  • Pros and Cons of Coal-Based Power Plants

    

  • Coal Environmental Cess

    

  • Fact of NTPC

    

  • Coal-Based Clean Energy

    

  • Process of Coal Gasification - Can be used as an Alternative to Coal Pollution

    

  • Carbon Concentration with Time Does Not Increase - Only Proportion Does

    

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• Solar Industry & Energy

  • Introduction

    

  • Major Applications

    

    

  • Advantages of Solar Energy

    

  • Disadvantages

    

  • The scenario of Solar Energy in India

    Indian Scheme: Saubhagya Scheme

    Update from Focus and Compass

    

    

    

• Wind Industry & Energy - From Handwritten Notes

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