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History

Exam Centric Data for History

  • GS History (6 Parts)

    1. Ancient - Prelims + Mains
    2. Medieval - Prelims + Mains
    3. Art & Culture - Prelims + Mains
    4. Modern History - Prelims + Mains
    5. Post Independence - Mains
    6. World History - Mains

  • Answer Writing Type & Learning

    • Method

      /Screenshot_2022-09-26_at_10.22.52_AM.png)

    • Example

      /Screenshot_2022-09-26_at_10.24.26_AM.png)

  • Important for Prelims this Year - Modern

    Paika Rebellion - Minister Statement on 200 Years of 2017 Wahabi Movement - 200 Years in 2022 Kuka Movement - Allied with Wahabi Santhal Uprising - President Murmur

  • Basic Concepts of History - Mathi Sir

    • What is the division of Historical Timeline by Christians ?

      • BC - Before Christ
      • AD - Anno Domini (Our Lord)

    • Christian Timeline was given by ?

      • Pope 16th Gregory

    • What is the Division of Historical Timeline in Secular Manner ?

      • BCE - Before Common Era
      • CE - Common Era

    • What is the Extent First & Second Century BC in BC/BCE ?

      • First Century BC - { 100-1 }
      • Second Cenutry BC - { 200-101 }
      • Common Term is Nth Century = N+1 Century, Excpet for First Century

    • What is the Extent First & Second Century BC in AD/BC ?

      • First Century AD - 1 to 100
      • Second Century AD - 101 to 200
      • Common Term is Nth Century = N-1 Century, Expcept for Last Century

    • Why is India Called Sub Continent or Indian Sub Continent ?

      • Earlier India was a combination of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Parts of Nepal, Parts of Burma and Bangladesh

      • It was so large that it was called a Sub Continent

      • How Does the Undivided Indian Map Look ?

        /Undivided_Indian_Map.jpeg)

    • What does Old Day Persia consists of todays countries ?

      • Iran + Iraq = Persia

    • Which Part of Turkey has Strategic Importance ? What is it also Called ?

      • Strategic Impotance - Constantinople ( Modern Day Istanbul )
      • Turkey is Also Called “Asia Minor”

    • Which Countries Constitute the Central Asia ?

      • KUT Constitute Central Asia

        • Kazakhstan
        • Kyrgyztan
        • Uzbekistan
        • Turkmenistan
        • Tajikistan

      • Map of Central Asia

        /Central_Asia_Map.jpg)

    • Name the Countries of South East Asia ?

      • Southeast Asia is composed of Eleven Countries

        1. Brunei
        2. Burma (Myanmar)
        3. Cambodia
        4. Timor-Leste
        5. Indonesia
        6. Laos
        7. Malaysia
        8. the Philippines
        9. Singapore
        10. Thailand
        11. Vietnam

      • South East Asia Map

        /South_East_Asia_Map.jpg)

    • Which Part of India is Landlocked ?

      • Northern Part of India

    • Why is Indian Southern called Indian Peninsula ?

      • Its called Indian Peninsula because it is surrounded by water on 3 Sides.

    • What is the Reason for Diversity of India ?

      • There are many reaosons like
        • Language
        • Culture
        • Religion
        • Geographical Location
        • Et Cetera
      • What is the Single Most Important Reason for Diversity of India ?
        • Single Most Important Reason for Diversity of India is its “Geographical Location”
          • Physical Fetures Affect Religion
            • Agriculture depends upon Rain, they cant control it - Indra Dev
            • Rivers are source of Drinking Water and Food - River Godess
            • Gods of Desert ( Black Skin due to Heat ) - Kaali
          • Rivers and Mountains of India had divided India into distinct geogrpahical Locations
          • Hence Different Cultures Thrived within those Geographical Distinct Limitations

    • Why is India Called Hindustan ?

      • Importance of River Indus
        • In Ancient Time No Ruler had Formidable Naval Power, Hence Most of the Invasions were carried by Land, generally from NWFP - North Western Frontier Province
        • Biggest Hurdle in Reaching India via NWFP was River Indus
      • Tan means Land
      • Land Beyond River Indus was called (Locn, People, Lifestyle)
        • Location : Industan ~ Hindustan
        • People : Indus ~ Hindus
        • Lifestyle ~ Hinduism

  • Basic Concepts in History - Kirthika Mam

    • Terms

      1. BC - Before Christ - Religious Connotation of Christianity
      2. BCE - Before Common Era

      BC = BCE

      1. AD - Anno Domini (in the Name of Lord) - Religious Connotation of Christiainity
      2. CE - Common Era

      AD = CE

      1. Decade - 10 Years
      2. Century - 100 Years
      3. Millennium - 1000 Years

    • Gregorian Calendar

      1. We follow Gregorian Calendar ( Greek Calendar Start 1 Jan and 31 Dec )
      2. Solar Calendar - 365 Day Calendar
      3. Gregorian Calendar also called Julian Calendar

    • Chart

      1. BC Will Always Decrease

      2. AD will Always Increase

        /Screenshot_2022-09-28_at_1.14.36_PM.png)

    • Example

      1. Buddha - 563 BC (Born) & 483 BC (Dead)
      2. Alexander - 326 BC (Entered India) - 323 BC (Died)
      3. Azus - 1 BC - 3 AD - Ruled India

Pre Historic Periods

Meta

  • Doubts
    1. Conclusion of Society of Later Vedic Period
    2. Greco Romans (Greece Turkey Parts of Italy) - Yavanas
    3. Yajurveda Pending
    4. All Vedas had Same Langauge of Chaste Sansktir
    5. Why did mam give example of Rams Ashvmedha in Aranyak
    6. Langauge of Atanayak and Upanaishad
    7. Upanisjad Written by ?
    8. Langaiges of LVP sources
    9. Doubts between Gandhar and Magadaha and How did Ajatshatru Capture Gandhara
    10. Is Persian Script Kharoshti
    11. Jain Councils
  • Class Teaching Plan
  • Random Extra Data
    1. Buddha was Kshatriya Attained Moksh
    2. Mahaveer was Kshatriya Attained Moksh - First Women Disciple attained Moksh
    3. Akbar was Asked why is he Shifting Capitals → “I want it” as simple as that
    4. Philosophy
      1. Idealistic Philosophy
      2. Realistic Philosophy
    5. Baburs - Sister Raj Mata
    6. Akbar - Jodha Raj Mata
    7. Aryabhatta Died at 33
    8. Vivekandan Died at 39
    9. Alexander Died at Age 32

Proto-Historic Periods

Historic Periods

Ancient History (2500 BC - 647 AD)

Medieval History
(647 AD - 1707 AD)

Modern History (1707 AD - 1947 AD)

Post Independence ( 1947 AD - 1991 AD )

World History (1750 AD - 1991 AD)Class Notes

Art & Culture (2500 BC - 1991 AD)

  • Random Summary

    • Ancient History Summarise

      • Indus Valley Civilisation

        1. *Civilisation ( has 5 basic elements) → Advanced Culture Ur CP Un P&S
          1. Urbanisation
          2. Centralised Polity
          3. Uniformity in Public Buildings
          4. Should Have Peace
          5. Should Have Safety Measures
        2. Stories of IVC
          1. Story 1 - Charles Mason, 1837
          2. Story 2 - Alexander Cunningham, 1861
          3. Story 3 - Sir John Marshall, 1920
        3. Extent of IVC
          1. North - Manda ( Kashmir )
          2. South - Daimabad ( Maharashtra )
          3. East - Alamgirpur ( UP)
          4. West - Desalpur ( Gujarat )
          5. North West - Shortughai ( Afghanistan )
          6. Western Most - Suktagendor ( Pakistan)
        4. 6 Major - 6 Looked Alike & Unique and size of buildings (Large) HaMoCh BKL
          1. Harappa - Ravi (Pak)
          2. Mohenjodaro - Indus (Pak)
          3. Chanhudaro - Indus (Pak)
          4. Banawali - Saraswathi (Haryana)
          5. Kalibangan - Ghagger (Rajasthan)
          6. Lothal - Bogavo (Gujarat)
        5. 4 Minor - Somewhat Damaged and size of buildings small - { Dhola ne Surktoda aur Suktgendor ko Rakhi Bandhi } - Evidence of Citadel Found
          1. Rakhigarhi - Haryana
            1. The Biggest Indus Valley Site of all Geographically
          2. Dholavira - Gujarat
          3. Surkotada - Gujarat
          4. Suktagendor - Pakistan
        6. 6 Citadel Stops are - HMC BKL
          1. Harappa
          2. Mohenjodaro - The Biggest Citadel
          3. Chanhudaro - while Excavating it got damaged
          4. Banwari
          5. Kalibangan
          6. Lothal
        7. Great Bath
          1. Found at : Mohenjodaro
          2. Also Small Bath at : Dholavira
        8. East to West Burial
          1. Rakhigarhi
          2. Kalibangan
        9. Coffin Burial
          1. Harappa
          2. Lothal
        10. Civilisations
          1. Mesopotamia - Tigris & Euphrates (Iran Iraq & parts of Syria)
          2. Egyptian - River Nile
          3. Indus Valley - Indus
        11. Trade Proofs
          1. Lothal - Dockyard
          2. Harappa & Lothal
            1. Persian Button Seal
            2. Baked Bricks
        12. Egalitarian Society: Equal Opportunities for both males and females in employment
        13. Theocracy - Where priests rule in the name of god
        14. Sabianism - Nature
        15. Worship of Animals - Humped Bull, Rhino, Unicorn (doubtful & debatable), Deer, Elephant, Tiger Etc
        16. Proto Shiva - Surrounded by 4 Animals (BRET)
          1. Buffalo
          2. Rhinoceros
          3. Elephant
          4. Tiger
          5. Beside Feet 2 Deers
        17. The Ware ( Colour ) used by them were
          1. Red Ware - Common Ware
          2. Black Ware
          3. RBW - Red & Black Ware
            1. Red Outside
            2. Black Inside
          4. Ochre Ware - Dull Orange/Red Ware
          5. Pinkish Ware - Red Turned Pink with Erosion
          6. Grey Ware - Black Turned Grey with Erosion
          7. PGW - Painted Grey Ware - Later Stage (1900 BC)
        18. Boustrophedon: was written from Right to Left - Start is Right: End is Left - James Princep
        19. Metals used by them were - Gold, Silver, Copper, Tin, Nickel
        20. Copper + Tin = Bronze
        21. Copper + Zinc = Brass
        22. TRIBHANGA POSTURE -
          1. Movement of Head
          2. Movement of Hip with Arms
          3. Movement of Feet
        23. The cow was known to IVC but they didn’t paint it

      • The Vedic Age

        1. List of Countries - Sequentially
          1. Central Asia
          2. IVC
          3. Mesopotamia
          4. Afghanistan
          5. Iran
          6. Iraq
          7. Syria
          8. Jordan
          9. Turkey
          10. Aegean Sea
          11. Italy
          12. Germany
        2. Types of Aryans
          1. Aryans who Entered India - Indo Aryans ( Includes Pre Aryans + Declining Harappan Civilisation )
            1. Indo-European Language: Sanskrit
          2. Aryans who Entered Persia - Perso Aryans
            1. Indo-European Language: Persian
          3. Aryans who Entered Germany - Germany Aryans
            1. Indo-European Language: Latin
        3. Sapt Sindhu was Called
          1. 1 Indus - Sindhu
          2. 2 Ravi - Paroshini
          3. 3 Jhelum - Vitasta
          4. 4 Chenab - Asikni
          5. 5 Sutlej - Shutudri
          6. 6 Vyas - Vipas
          7. 7 Ghagger - Aryans mistook it as Saraswathi
        4. Types of Meetings
          1. Sabha - General Assembly by Elders
          2. Samiti - King Chose / Yuvarajan Declared
          3. Vidhata - Village Assembly Headed by Gramani
          4. Gana - Village Assembly Headed by Gramani
        5. External Trade of EVP was only with Persia
        6. Polyandry - God Ashwin Twins Married Goddess Usha
        7. Three Primary Sacrifice
          1. Ashvamedha Yajna - Horse Sacrifice & Battle
          2. Vajpeya Yajna - Chariot Race
          3. Rajasuy Yajna - Drinking Competition
        8. 2 Ashvmedha Performed By
          1. Samudragupta Performed - 2 Ashvamedha
          2. Pushymitra Tunga Performed - 2 Ashvmedh
        9. Anulom and Pratiloma Marriage
          1. Anulom - the marriage of a man in his own varna or below his varna
          2. Pratilom - the marriage of a woman in varna lower than her own
        10. Four Phases of Ashram and Life
          1. Brahmacharya 1-25
          2. Grihast 25-50
          3. Vanaprastha 50-75
          4. Sanyas 75 & Above
        11. Iron = Development
          1. Iron
            1. Agri Tools
            2. Weapon - Won Battle
          2. Cleared Forest
            1. Timber
            2. Vast land
            3. Elephant
          3. Built Cities
          4. Market
          5. Trade & Commerce
          6. Urbanisation
          7. Std of Living Increase
          8. Development
          9. Extensive use of Iron

      • Mahajanapada

        1. Meaning of State - State is a Political Unit which has 4 Basic Elements of
          1. Population
          2. Government
          3. Defined Territory - Capital
          4. Sovereignty
        2. List of 16 Mahajanpadas
          1. A3
            1. 1 Anga
            2. 2 Assaka
            3. 3 Avanthi - Ujjain (MP)
          2. K4
            1. 4 Kamboja
            2. 5 Kuru - Indraprastha (Delhi)
            3. 6 Kashi - Banaras (UP)
            4. 7 Kosala - Ayodhya (UP)
          3. M3
            1. 8 Matsya
            2. 9 Malla - Pavapuri (Bihar) & Kushinagar (UP)
            3. 10 Magadh - Rajgir (Bihar) & Patliputra (Bihar)
          4. V2
            1. 11 Vats
            2. 12 Vajji - Vaishali (Bihar)
          5. SGCP
            1. 13 Surasena
            2. 14 Gandhara - Taxila (Pak)
            3. 15 Chedi
            4. 16 Panchal
        3. Magadha Kingdom
          1. Haryanka - Brihadutta, Bimbisara, Ajatsatru, Udayin
          2. Shushu Naga
          3. Nanda
    • Modern History Summaries

      • Attlee’s Statement on Bose : it was because of bose that britishers left India

      • Summary of Important Battles, Wars & Treaties

        • First Battle of Panipat

          • Between - Babur v/s Ibrahim Lodhi

        • Second Battle of Panipat

        • Third Battle of Panipat

        • Battle of Samugarh, 1658

          • Aurangzeb v/s Darashiko

        • Treaty of Purandar 1665

          • Raja Jai Singh and Shiva Ji

        • Battle of Sangameshwar, 1689

          • Shambha Ji v/s Aurangzeb
          • Shambha Ji Killed and Family with Shahu Imprisoned

        • Battle of Khed 1707

          • Shahu v/s Shiva Ji 2 / Tara Bai

        • Battle of Jaju 1707

          • Muazzam(W) v/s Azam Shah

        • Battle of Hyderabad 1709

          • Muazzam(W) v/s Kambakhsh

        • Battle of Agra, 1712

          • Zulfi+JS v/s Saiyed Brother+Farrukh Siyar

        • Battle of Agra, 1722

          • Abdullah Khan v/s Rangeela+Asaf Jahan

        • Battle of Palkhed in 1728

          • Baji Rao 1 Winner v/s Asaf Jahan

        • Treaty of Warna, 1731

          • Marathas of Kolhapur and Satara

        • Battle of Bhopal, 1737

        • Battle of Karnal, 1739

          Nadir Shah v/s Rangeela

        • Battle of Plassey, 1757

        • Battle of Buxar, 1764

        • Treaty of Tordesillas

      • Important Terms, Designations & First’s

        • Father of Indian Navy - Shiva Ji Rao
        • Founder of Ashthpradhan - Shiva Ji Rao
        • Guru Arjan Singh Executed in - 1606
        • Guru Tegh Bahadur Executed in -
        • Guru Gobind Singh Assassinated - 1706
        • Nadir Shah invasion in Delhi - 1739

      • Europeans Summarised + Table

        First defeat of portuguese

        • List of All the Portuguese in India
          • Fracisco de Almeida
          • Alfonso de Albuqeruque
          • Nano da Kunha 1528-1538
        • Portuguese in India
        • Dutch in India
        • British in India
        • HQ of Dutch
        • HQ of Portuguese

      • Reasons for Panipat as a Geographical Location

        • Geography - First Major Plain for invaders
        • Scanty Rainfall Better Pitch
        • Because earlier few battles had occurred - warfare industries developed there earlier
        • Delhi Rulers even if loose in panipat then good in delhi

      • Delhi Confusion

        • Delhi Proposal
        • Delhi Manifesto
        • Delhi Pact

      • Marriages

        1. Akbar - Married his Fathers Brothers Daughter
        2. Buddha - Married his Mothers Brothers Daughters

      • Rakhmabai Case

    • Important Points
      • Udayagiri Cave - Orissa
      • Udaygiri - MP
    • By Mathi Sir - Short Summary

      • Age of Rajputs (7th Century to 13th Century)

        They Emerged After decline of Harsha Empire

      • Muslim Invasion from NWFP

        • Mohammad Bin Qasim - 712
          • He Plundered Sindh and Multan
        • Mahmood of Ghazni - 1000 - 1027
          • His Goal was to NOT establish a Islmaic Empire but to LOOT India
          • He was never defeated, of his invasions were successfull
        • Muhammad of Ghouri - 1175 - 1206
          • Didn't had any child, hence was surrounded by Slaves and Soldiers. One of his Slaves was Qutubuddin Aibak

      • Establishment of “Delhi Sultanate” *(1206 - 1526) *

        💡 एक SLAVE ने KHILJI को TUGHLAQI आदेश दिया की SAYYID को LODHI बना दे !

        They were mainly Turkish in Origin

        • Slave Dynasty ( 1206 - 1290 )
          • First Ruler of Delhi Sultanate ?
            • Qutubuddin Aibak
        • Khilji Dynasty ( 1290 - 1320 )
        • Tughlaq Dynasty ( 1320 - 1413 )
          • Famous For Idiotic Policies - Muhammad Bin Tughlaq
            • Empire So Big, Lost Control of South India, South India became Independent
            • Coins
            • Shifting of Capital
        • Sayyid Dynasty ( 1413 - 1451 )
        • Lodhi Dynasty ( 1451 - 1526 )
          • Last Ruler of Delhi Sultanate ?
            • Ibrahim Lodhi

      • Simultaneous Establishment of “Southern Kingdoms”

        • Vijayangar Kingdom ( 1509 - 1529 )

          • Founded By ?
            • Harihar and Bukka
          • Four Parts of Vijayanagr Kingdom ?
            • Sangam
            • Salva
            • Tuluva*
              • Famous King ?
                • King Krishnadevray
                • Contemporary of ?
                  • Gurunanak and Babur
            • Aravidu

        • In Between Vijaynagar and Bahmani, Exists ?

          • Krishna Tungbhadra Doab

        • Bahmani Kingdom ( 1347 - 1526 )

          • Introduction
            • Founded By ?
              • Hasan Gangu
            • Founded in ?
              • 1347
            • Hasan Gangu Also Called ?
              • Alauddin Bahman Shah
            • Bahmani Kingdom was also called ?
              • Deccan Sulatanate
          • What are the Parts of Bahmani Kingdom (5) ? (Enmity Remained Between Them )
            • Ahmad Nagar - Nizam Shahi
            • Bijapur - Adil Shahi
            • Golkonda - Qutub Shahi
            • Berar - Imad Shahi
            • Bidar - Barid Shahi
          • Constant Fighting with (2) ?
            • With Vijayanagar
              • Bahmani Rulers Combined Defeated Vijaynagar Empire in ?
                • Battle of Jalikota or Rakshas Jugadi
              • Due to War Vijaynagar Empire was Disintegrated into many Small Fragments & …
                • One Prominet Disintegration Was of ?
                  • Mysore
                    • Mysore was Ruled by ?
                      • Wadiyars / Wodeyars

            Now Bahmani Started Fighting with Each Other 🍿🍿

            • Within Bahmani ( Various Shahis ) (Berar Bidar Phusssh)
              • Berar was annexed by ?
                • Ahmed Nagar in 1574
              • Bidar was annexed by ?
                • Bijapur in 1618
              • Now Final Parts of Bahmani Kingdom were ? (ABG)
                • Ahmed Nagar
                • Bijapur
                • Golkonda

        • Map of Vijaynagar and Bahmani

          /his-vijayanagar-min.jpg)

      • Meanwhile Status of “Delhi Sultanate” in North India

        • Ibrahim Loadhi was Defated
          • By
            • Babur ( from Central Asia - Uzbekistan )
          • In
            • First Battle of Panipat

      • Mughals Eyes on Southern Kingdoms

        • ABG - Annexed in 1632 1687 1688
          • Ahmednagar by Shahjahan in 1632
            • Mumtaz Mahal Died
            • Aurangzeb was Appointed as Governor of Ahmednagar (Deccan) in 1632
            • Governor in Mughal Language - Subedar / Subadar
          • Bijapur by Aurangzeb in 1687
          • Golkonda by Aurangzeb in 1688
        • Aurangzeb Further Moved South and Captured Pan India in 1698
          • North - Cashmere
          • South - Jinjee
          • East - Arakan Mountains
          • West - Hindukush
        • Challenge to Aurangzeb - Marathas (Shivaji & Company)

      • Problems with Empire (Common with All Big Empires)

        • Communication
          1. was not Fast
          2. Means of Communication were - Pigeons and Horses
        • Troop Mobilisation Takes Time

      • Rise of Regional Local Powers - Specifically Maratha

        • Basics of Maratha

          1. Originally were Agricultural Peasants
          2. Used to Work in Bahamani Kingdom of Bijapur
          3. Good in Military Skills - Particularly Horse Riding
          4. Many Marathas became Military Personnel like Shah Ji Bhonsle

        • Shahaji Bhonsle - 2 Sons

          • Son 2 - Venko Ji Raje Bhonsle - Thanjur Guy
            1. Shah Ji other Son went on to rule territories in modern day Tamil Nadu’s Eastern Coastal Area (Thanjur)
            2. They are called Marathas of Thanjur
            3. Cultural Contribution of Marathas of Thanjur in Important for Exam
          • Son 1 - Shiva Ji Rao - Rebellious Guy - Part 1

            • Basic History

              1. Shah Ji + Wife Jija Bai = Shiva Ji (Born in Shivneri / Junnar )
              2. Because Shahjahan annexed Ahmednagar Shah Ji Bhonsle Lost Job
              3. Shah Ji Shifted to Bijapur → and then to → Modern Day Bangalore
              4. Meanwhile Shivaji and Jija Bai Lived in Poona
              5. Dadoji Kondadeo was appointed by Shah Ji Bhonsle for their
                1. Safety
                2. Tutoring and Mentoring

            • Military Skills of Shiva Ji Rao

              1. Dadoji Kondadeo taught Warfare to Shiva Ji - Especially Guerrilla Warfare
              2. Guerrilla Warfare - Irregular Warfare System
                1. Primary Deploy Hit and Run Mobility
                2. Hide and Attack Tactics,
                3. Including Ambushes, Sabotages, Raids
                4. Petty Warfare
              3. But Shiva Ji wasn't allowed to use his skills for his safety by Dadoji
              4. but Dadoji Kondadeo Died in 1664

            • Goals of Shivaji

              1. Defeat Muslim Empires in North India and Mughal Emperors
              2. Establish Hindu Empire

              Couldn't Establish His Goals becasye

              1. Aurangzeb was Governor of Ahmed Nagar
              2. Luck Favoured Shiva Ji
              3. Aurangzeb was forced to go to North India, because Shahjahan Fell ill

        • Background of Mughal Empire CONTEMPORARY to MARATHAS

          1. Shahjahan Most Favourite Son was Darashiko, he wanted him to be the next ruler
          2. Historic Battle - Battle of Samugarh, 1658 - Aurangzeb v/s Darashiko
          3. Aurangzeb Imprisoned Shahjahan in Under House Arrest in 1658 for 8 Years, Died in 1666 → Aurangzeb became Emperor of Mughal Emperor
          💡 ***Rule of Primogeniture*** - Eldest Son of a King Succeeds his father (Fratricidal Wars)
          1. Mughals Didn't follow the rule of Primogeniture

        • Son 1 - Shiva Ji Rao - Rebellious Guy - Part 2 (Afzal Shaista Shaista Raja Jai Singh)

          1. Now that Aurangzeb is in North India Until 1666
          2. Shiva Ji got Options of Implementing his Goals
          3. Afzal Khan - Military Commander of Bijapur Died 1659 Killed by Shiva Ji ( Weapon : Baghnag) #Clash 1 - Mughal v/s Maratha - Maratha Win
          4. Bijapur paid Tribute to Shiva Ji, Bijapur was Now with Marathas
          1. Aurangzeb now appointed Shaista Khan as Governor in South

          #Clash 2 - Mughal v/s Maratha - Mughal Win

          1. He Won Poona couldn't hold it because he was attacked by Shiva Ji in the night, Hence Shaista Khan had to run for his life

          #Clash 3 - Mughal v/s Maratha - Maratha Win

          1. Aurangzeb Appointed Raja Jai Singh in as Governor in 1663

          #Clash 4 - Mughal v/s Maratha - Mughal Win

          1. Raja Jai Singh Defeated Shivaji & “Treaty of Purandar 1665”
          • Treaty of Purandar
            1. Treaty of Purandar - Agreed to 3 things
              1. Surrender 23 Forts to Mughals
              2. To Pay Tribute to Mughals
              3. Pay his Respects to Aurangzeb in Mughal Court along with his Son Shambha Ji
                1. Aurangzeb had promised Raja Jai Singh that he will not kill Shiva Ji hence Shiva Ji went to Mughal Court
                2. Shiva Ji was made MANSABDAR and was made to wait in Long Queue along with others MANSABDARS, he started shouting
                3. Aurangzeb ordered Shiva Ji and his son was Imprisoned
          • Shiva Ji’s Imprisonment and Escape
            1. Imprisoned in Agra Fort
            2. Made Up a Stomach Problem
            3. Mughal Doctors were sent, Aurangzeb sent Money to Shiva Ji
            4. He bought Mangoes and Gifted it to Doctor and Servants
            5. Initially Checked and then there was leniency
            6. Shivaji Hid in Mangoes Basket and Ran Away
          • Shiva Ji’s Vision of Being a King
            1. Worked for 8 Years & convinced a Brahman Priest for Coronation
            2. being a Peasant he couldn't be the King
            3. due to Coronation Chhatrapati Shivaji became King of area around Poona and Maharashtra
            4. Created Navy to Counter Portuguese - Also Called Father of Indian Navy
          • Shiva Ji Summarised

            1. Founder of Maratha Empire

            2. Greatest Guerrilla Warfare Expert

            3. Founder of Indian Navy

              Tamil Word - Navay means Naval Vessels used by Chola Kings Raja Raja 1 and Rajendra 1

            4. Council of 8 Minister - ASHTHPRADHAN

              1. Prime Minister

                Sub Ordinate of Chhatrapati ,

                Could Guide but Not Over Ride his Decisions

              2. Samatya

              3. Sachiv

              4. Mantri

              5. Senapati

              6. Sumant

              7. Nyaydhish

              8. Pandit Rao

          Shiva Ji Natural Death in 1680

        • Shambha Ji

          1. Aurangzeb was waiting for an Opportunity
          2. Battle of Sangameshwar, 1689
            1. Shambha Ji Lost
            2. Tortured to death by Aurangzeb
              1. Didn't reveal details about a Hidden Treasure
              2. Refused converting to Islam
          3. Shambha Ji Family was Imprisoned by Aurangzeb

        • Sons of Shambha Ji

          • First Son - Shahu - Currently Imprisoned
            • Imprisoned with Others
          • Second Son - RajaRam
            1. managed to Escape to South India via Karnataka to JINJEE in 1689
            2. His Relatives were “Marathas of Thanjur”
            3. RajaRam + Tara Bai = Shiva Ji II
            4. Mughals attacked JINJEE in 1698

        • Contemporary Mughal Act

          1. Aurangzeb Wanted to remove Maratha from Indian Polity and wanted to Defeat Marathas
          2. Hence He Deployed Ghazi Firoz Jung and Zulfiqar Khan to Siege Deccan, Mughals Won
          3. RajaRam had Escaped from Jinjee to a hilly area in Maharashtra called Satara and he started ruling surrounding territories
          4. RajaRam Died in 1700 AD - Chain Smoker, Travel, Bad Health

        • Shiva Ji 2 - 5 Year Kid

          1. RajaRams Young Son Shivaji 2 became next Chhatrapati at the age of 5 Years
          2. Whenever There were issues with Kings like Young Age & ill health, Regents were appointed to rule on their behalf
          3. Tara Bai - Regent - Ruled over Satara for Next 7 Years (1707), in the Name of Shiva Ji 2
        💡 Meanwhile Aurangzeb Died in 1707 - Bahadur Shah came to Power - Released Shahu
        • Shahu Fought with { Shiva Ji 2 and Tara Bai }
          1. Battle of Khed 1707 - Shahu (Winner) v/s TaraBai
          2. Tara Bai Fled to Kolhapur
          3. Became Ruler of Satara & Chhattrapati (1708 - 1749)
        • Shiva Ji 2 and Tara Bai Managed to Escape to Kolhapur in Maharashtra
        💡 Marathas of Satara and Kolhapur were enemies

      • Era of Greater Mughals *( 1526 - 1707 ) *

        • Babur (1526-1530)
        • Humayun (1530-1540)
        • Suri Interregnum (1540-1555)
        • Humayun (1555-1556)
        • Akbar (1556-1605)
        • Jahangir (1605-1627)
        • Shahjahan (1627-1658)

      • Death of Aurangzeb (1658-1707)

        • Death of Aurangzeb - 1707
        • Three Sons of Aurangzeb
          • Muazzam - Governor of Punjab and Kabul
          • Azam Shah - Governor of Gujarat
          • Kambaksh - Governor of Deccan
        • Battle of Jaju 1707 - Muazzam v/s Azam Shah - Azam Shah Defeated and Killed - MUAZZAM Won
        • Battle of Hyderabad 1709 - Muazzam v/s Kambakhsh - Kambaksh was killed - MUAZZAM Won
        • Successor of Aurangzeb was
          • Original Name
            • Muazzam
          • Titular Name
            • Shah Alam 1
            • Bahadur Shah 1
        💡 Longest Rule was by : Aurangzeb + 401 = **“AKBAR”** THE WINNER

  • Society Points Addition from Karthika Mam

    1. Point 20 - 510 - Sati Bhanu Gupta
    2. Point 21 - 636 - Harsha Made Sati Voluntary
    3. Point 22 - 712 - Qasim and Purdah
    4. Point 23 - 1299 - Jauhar at times of Alauddin Khilji

Ancient & Medieval of Vision IAS (To Be Sorted)